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FTD and Simulator Levels
Flight
Simulator "Levels" and other categories
The following levels of qualification are
currently being granted for both airplane and helicopter FSTD:
[edit] US Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA)
Flight
Training Devices (FTD) [3]
- FAA FTD Level
4 - Similar to a Cockpit Procedures Trainer (CPT). This level does not
require an aerodynamic model, but accurate systems modeling is required. Helicopter
only.
- FAA FTD Level
5 - Aerodynamic programming and systems modeling is required, but it may
represent a family of aircraft rather than one specific model.
- FAA FTD Level
6 - Aircraft model specific aerodynamic programming, control feel, and
physical cockpit are required.
- FAA FTD Level
7 - Model specific. All applicable aerodynamics, flight controls, and
systems must be modeled. A vibration system must be supplied, and this is
the first level to require a visual system. Helicopter only.
Full
Flight Simulators (FFS) [4]
- FAA FFS Level
A - A motion system is required with at least three degrees of freedom.
Airplane only.
- FAA FFS Level
B - Requires three axis motion and a higher-fidelity aerodynamic model
than Level A. The lowest level of helicopter flight simulator.
- FAA FFS Level
C - Requires a motion platform with all six degrees of freedom. Also lower
transport delay (latency) over levels A & B. The visual system must
have an outside-world horizontal field of view of at least 75 degrees to
each pilot.
- FAA FFS Level
D - The highest level of FFS qualification currently available.
Requirements are for Level C with additions. The motion platform must have
all six degrees of freedom, and the visual system must have an
outside-world horizontal field of view of at least 150 degrees, with a
(distant focus) display. Realistic sounds in the cockpit are required,
also a number of special motion and visual effects.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_simulation
http://www.aopa.org/whatsnew/regulatory/ac120-45a
FTD GROUP
FTD Level 1
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Those Ground Training Devices previously issued
an LOA by AFS-800 and given conferred status under AC 120-45 are now
designated as level 1 FTDs and authorized for continued use under § 61.4,
effective August 2, 1996. The permissible use of these devices is as
originally authorized and shown in Paragraph 11A. through G. of Order
8700.1, Vol. II, Chapter 34, and Section 1. Additional definitions are
available in 14 CFR Part 60 Appendix B and D. |
ATC-510 Desktop Unit
FTD Level 2
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(a.) The purpose of a level 2 training device
is to permit learning, development, and the practice of skills and cockpit
procedures necessary for understanding and
operating the integrated systems of a single set of aircraft.
(b.) A level 2 training device has the following
characteristics and components: (i.)
Instruments, equipment, panels, systems, and controls sufficient for the
training/checking events to be accomplished, located in a spatially
correct configuration, which may be in
a cockpit or an open flight deck area. Actuation of controls and switches must
replicate those in the airplane. (ii.) The device must simulate
aerodynamic capability and control forces and travel sufficiently to manually
fly an instrument approach. |
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FTD
Level 3
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(a.) The purpose of a level 3
training device is to permit learning, development, and the practice of
skills and cockpit procedures
necessary for understanding and operating the integrated systems of a single
set of aircraft. (b.) A level 3
training device has the following characteristics and components:
(i.) Same as level 2, but in addition it must have a
cockpit, as defined in AC 120-45. (ii.)
The navigation controls, displays, and instrumentation must be as set out in
14 CFR part 91, § 91.205, for operation in accordance with instrument flight
rules. |
ATC 610 Desktop Unit
FTD Level 4
|
(a.) The purpose of a level 4 training device
is to permit learning, development, and the practice of skills and cockpit
procedures necessary for understanding and operating the integrated systems
of a specific aircraft. (b.) A level 4
training device has the following characteristics and components:
(i.) A replica of the flight deck panels, switches,
controls, and instruments, in proper relationship, to represent the aircraft
for which training is to be accomplished. (ii.) Systems
indications which respond appropriately to switches and controls which are
required to be installed for the training or checking to be accomplished.
(iii.)Air/ground logic (however, simulated aerodynamic
capabilities are not required. |
Helicopters Bell 206
http://www.entrol.es/en/simuladores.php
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The purpose of a
level 5 training device is to permit learning, development, and the practice
of skills, cockpit procedures, and instrument flight procedures necessary for
understanding and operating the integrated systems of a specific aircraft in
typical flight operations in real time. (b.) A level 5 training device
has the following characteristics and components: (i.) A replica
of the flight deck panels, switches, controls, and instruments, in proper
relationship, to represent the aircraft for which training is to be
accomplished. (ii.) Systems indications which respond appropriately to
switches and controls which are required to be installed for the training or
checking to be accomplished. (iii.) Simulated aerodynamic capabilities
representative of the aircraft group or class. (iv.) Functional flight and
navigational controls, displays, and instrumentation. (vi.) Control forces
and control travel of sufficient precision for manually flying an instrument
approach. |
|
(a.) The
purpose of a level 6 training device is: (i.) To permit learning,
development, and the practice of skills in cockpit procedures, instrument
flight procedures, certain symmetrical maneuvers and flight characteristics
necessary for operating the integrated systems of a specific aircraft in
typical flight operations; and (ii.) To permit the use of previously approved
nonvisual simulators and the continued use of advanced training devices for
those 14 CFR part 135 operators approved to use them. (b.) A level 6
training device has the following characteristics and components: (i.)
Systems indications which respond appropriately to switches and controls
which are required to be installed. (ii.) A replica of the cockpit of
the aircraft for which training is to be accomplished. (iii.) Simulated
aerodynamic capabilities which closely represent the specific aircraft in
ground and flight operations. (iv.) Functional flight and navigational
controls, displays, and instrumentation. (v.) Control forces and control
travel which correspond to the aircraft. (vi.) Instructor controls. |
CRJ-65
|
(a.) The purpose
of a level 7 training device is to permit learning, development, and the
practice of skills in cockpit procedures, instrument flight procedures and maneuvers, and flight
characteristics necessary for operating the integrated systems of a specific aircraft
in typical flight operations. (b.) A level 7 training device has the
following characteristics and components: (i.) Systems representations,
switches, and controls which are required by the type design of the aircraft
and by the approved training program. (ii.) Systems which respond
appropriately and accurately to the switches and controls of the aircraft
being simulated. (iii.) Full-scale replica of the cockpit of the aircraft
being simulated. (iv.) Correct simulation of the aerodynamic and ground
dynamic characteristics of the aircraft being simulated. (v.) Correct
simulation of the effects of selected environmental conditions which the
simulated aircraft might encounter. (vi.) Control forces, dynamics, and
travel which correspond to the aircraft. (vii.) Instructor controls and seat
Note: Level 7FTD also have advanced infrared technology for Police
Helicopters training. |
AATD
SIMULATOR
GROUPS
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FAA FFS Level A - A motion system is required with at
least three degrees of freedom. Airplanes only. It requires
at least three degrees of freedom, a 45 degree outside view replication, and
a 300-millisecond response time.
Instruments are identical to aircraft being typed rated. Aircraft over 12,500 lbs. require a type
rating. |
Boeing 707
http://www.panamacademy.com/boeing-707-type-rating-and-training-courses
Level B Simulator
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(a.) The purpose of a level
B simulator is to permit development and practice of the necessary skills for
accomplishing all required
training and certification maneuvers and procedures, to a prescribed standard
of airman competency, in a specific aircraft. (b.) Level B flight
simulators have the following characteristics and components:
(i.) Systems representations, switches, and controls which are
required by the type design of the aircraft and by the users approved
training program. (ii.) Systems which respond appropriately and
accurately to the switches and controls of the aircraft being simulated.
|
http://www.aerosimulators.com/en/configurations-flighttraining/ffsb-flighttraining.html
Level C Simulator
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(a.) The
purpose of a level C simulator is to permit development and practice of the
necessary skills for accomplishing all required training and certification
maneuvers and procedures, to a prescribed standard of airman competency, in a
specific aircraft. All training and testing tasks may be conducted in a level
C flight simulator for persons who meet certain experience requirements
outlined in 14 CFR Part 142 and FAA Order 8700.1, volume 2, chapter 148.
(b.) Level C flight simulators have at least the following
characteristics and components: (i.) Systems representations,
switches, and controls which are required by the type design of the aircraft
and by the users approved training program. (ii.) Systems which respond
appropriately and accurately to the switches and controls of the aircraft
being simulated. (iii.) Full-scale replica of the cockpit of the aircraft
being simulated. (iv.) Correct simulation of the aerodynamic
(including ground effect), and ground dynamic characteristics of the aircraft being simulated. (v.) Correct
simulation of the effects of selected environmental conditions which the
simulated aircraft might encounter. (vi.) Forces, dynamics, and travel which
correspond to the aircraft. (vii.) Instructor controls and seat. (viii.) At least a night and dusk
visual system with a minimum of a 75° horizontal by 30° vertical field
of view for each pilot station. (ix.)
A motion system with at least 6° of movement.) Full-scale replica of
the cockpit of the aircraft being selected simulation of the aerodynamic
(including ground effect) and gyro-characteristics of the aircraft being
simulated. |
Eurocopter AS350
http://www.eurocopterusa.com/index/index.asp
Boeing 727
https://www.flightsafety.com/fs_index.php?sw=1024&sh=768
Level
D Simulators
|
(a.) The purpose of a level D simulator
is to permit development and practice of the necessary skills for
accomplishing all required training and certification maneuvers and
procedures, to a prescribed standard of airman competency, in a specific
aircraft. Level D flight simulators may be used for all flight task training
and practical testing except for static aircraft training, for pilots who
meet certain experience requirements outlined in Part 142 and FAA Order
8700.1, volume 2, chapter 148. (b.)
Level D flight simulators have the following characteristics and components:
(i.) Systems representations, switches, and controls which
are required by the type design of the aircraft and by the user's approved
training program. (ii.) Systems
which respond appropriately and accurately to the switches and controls of
the aircraft being simulated. (iii.) Full-scale
replica of the cockpit of the aircraft being simulated.
(iv.) Correct simulation of the aerodynamic (including ground
effect) and ground dynamic characteristics of the aircraft being simulated.
(v.) Correct simulation of selected
environmentally-affected aerodynamic and ground dynamic characteristics of
the aircraft being simulated considering the full range of its flight
envelope in all approved configurations. (vi.)
Correct and realistic simulation of the effects of environmental conditions
which the aircraft might encounter. (vii.)
Control forces, dynamics, and travel which correspond to the aircraft.
(viii.) Instructor controls and seat.
(ix.) A daylight, dusk, and night visual system with the
minimum of a 75° horizontal by 30° vertical field of view for each pilot
station. (x.) A motion system with at least
6° of freedoms. |
BEECH 1900 Simulator Full Motion
http://www.flight1.com/products.asp?product=carendob1900d
Shuttle Full Motion Simulator Level D
Shuttle Instrument Panel
Space Shuttle Discovery - 360VR Images
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Space Shuttle
"Discovery" w/Rocket Boosters 1/144 Model
|
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